More and more attentions have been paid to the harm of environmental arsenic pollution to human health. The mechanism of arsenic metabolism in human body was described, the interaction mechanism and research advance were reviewed in the present paper, including the damages to skin, digestive system, urinary system, immune function, nervous system, cardiovascular system, respiratory system and inheritance system. It is useful not only to enhance understanding for the relation between arsenic pollution and health damage, but also to provide the basic theory to control the arsenic pollution. The present paper also made suggestions in the future research in this field.